// This file is part of Gear.

// Copyright (C) 2023-2024 Gear Technologies Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later WITH Classpath-exception-2.0

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

//! Lazy-pages memory accesses processing main logic.

use crate::{
    common::{Error, LazyPagesExecutionContext, LazyPagesRuntimeContext},
    mprotect,
    pages::{GearPage, PagesAmountTrait},
};
use gear_lazy_pages_common::Status;
use std::slice;

/// `process_lazy_pages` use struct which implements this trait,
/// to process in custom logic two cases: host function call and signal.
pub(crate) trait AccessHandler {
    type Pages;
    type Output;

    /// Returns whether it is write access
    fn is_write(&self) -> bool;

    /// Returns whether gas exceeded status is allowed for current access.
    fn check_status_is_gas_exceeded() -> Result<(), Error>;

    /// Returns whether stack memory access can appear for the case.
    fn check_stack_memory_access() -> Result<(), Error>;

    /// Returns whether write accessed memory access is allowed for the case.
    fn check_write_accessed_memory_access() -> Result<(), Error>;

    /// Returns whether already accessed memory read access is allowed for the case.
    fn check_read_from_accessed_memory() -> Result<(), Error>;

    /// Charge for accessed gear page.
    fn charge_for_page_access(
        &mut self,
        page: GearPage,
        is_already_accessed: bool,
    ) -> Result<Status, Error>;

    /// Charge for one gear page data loading.
    fn charge_for_page_data_loading(&mut self) -> Result<Status, Error>;

    /// Get the biggest page from `pages`.
    fn last_page(pages: &Self::Pages) -> Option<GearPage>;

    /// Apply `f` for all `pages`.
    fn process_pages(
        pages: Self::Pages,
        process_one: impl FnMut(GearPage) -> Result<(), Error>,
    ) -> Result<(), Error>;

    /// Drops and returns output.
    fn into_output(self, ctx: &mut LazyPagesExecutionContext) -> Result<Self::Output, Error>;
}

/// Lazy-pages accesses processing main function.
/// Acts differently for signals and host functions accesses,
/// but main logic is the same:
/// It removes read and write protections for page,
/// then it loads wasm page data from storage to wasm page memory location.
/// If native page size is bigger than gear page size, then this will be done
/// for all gear pages from accessed native page.
/// 1) Set new access pages protection accordingly it is read or write access.
/// 2) If some page contains data in storage, then load this data and place it in
///    program's wasm memory.
/// 3) Charge gas for access and data loading.
pub(crate) fn process_lazy_pages<H: AccessHandler>(
    rt_ctx: &mut LazyPagesRuntimeContext,
    exec_ctx: &mut LazyPagesExecutionContext,
    mut handler: H,
    pages: H::Pages,
) -> Result<H::Output, Error> {
    let wasm_mem_size = exec_ctx.wasm_mem_size.offset(rt_ctx);
    unsafe {
        if let Some(last_page) = H::last_page(&pages) {
            // Check that all pages are inside wasm memory.
            if last_page.end_offset(rt_ctx) as usize >= wasm_mem_size {
                return Err(Error::OutOfWasmMemoryAccess);
            }
        } else {
            // Accessed pages are empty - nothing to do.
            return handler.into_output(exec_ctx);
        }

        if exec_ctx.status != Status::Normal {
            H::check_status_is_gas_exceeded()?;
            return handler.into_output(exec_ctx);
        }

        let stack_end = exec_ctx.stack_end;
        let wasm_mem_addr = exec_ctx.wasm_mem_addr.ok_or(Error::WasmMemAddrIsNotSet)?;

        // Returns `true` if new status is not `Normal`.
        let update_status = |ctx: &mut LazyPagesExecutionContext, status| {
            ctx.status = status;

            // If new status is not [Status::Normal], then unprotect lazy-pages
            // and continue work until the end of current wasm block. We don't care
            // about future program execution correctness, because gas limit or allowance exceed.
            match status {
                Status::Normal => Ok(false),
                Status::GasLimitExceeded => {
                    log::trace!(
                        "Gas limit or allowance exceed, so removes protection from all wasm memory \
                        and continues execution until the end of current wasm block"
                    );
                    mprotect::mprotect_interval(wasm_mem_addr, wasm_mem_size, true, true)
                        .map(|_| true)
                }
            }
        };

        let page_size = GearPage::size(rt_ctx) as usize;

        let process_one = |page: GearPage| {
            let page_offset = page.offset(rt_ctx);
            let page_buffer_ptr = (wasm_mem_addr as *mut u8).add(page_offset as usize);

            let protect_page = |prot_write| {
                mprotect::mprotect_interval(page_buffer_ptr as usize, page_size, true, prot_write)
            };

            if page_offset < stack_end.offset(rt_ctx) {
                // Nothing to do, page has r/w accesses and data is in correct state.
                H::check_stack_memory_access()?;
            } else if exec_ctx.is_write_accessed(page) {
                // Nothing to do, page has r/w accesses and data is in correct state.
                H::check_write_accessed_memory_access()?;
            } else if exec_ctx.is_accessed(page) {
                if handler.is_write() {
                    // Charges for page write access
                    let status = handler.charge_for_page_access(page, true)?;
                    if update_status(exec_ctx, status)? {
                        return Ok(());
                    }

                    // Sets read/write protection access for page and add page to write accessed
                    protect_page(true)?;
                    exec_ctx.set_write_accessed(page)?;
                } else {
                    // Nothing to do, page has read accesses and data is in correct state.
                    H::check_read_from_accessed_memory()?;
                }
            } else {
                // Charge for page access.
                let status = handler.charge_for_page_access(page, false)?;
                if update_status(exec_ctx, status)? {
                    return Ok(());
                }

                let unprotected = if rt_ctx
                    .page_has_data_in_storage(&mut exec_ctx.program_storage_prefix, page)
                {
                    // Charge for page data loading from storage.
                    let status = handler.charge_for_page_data_loading()?;
                    if update_status(exec_ctx, status)? {
                        return Ok(());
                    }

                    // Set read/write access, in order to write page data to program memory.
                    protect_page(true)?;

                    // Load and write data to memory.
                    let buffer_as_slice = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(page_buffer_ptr, page_size);
                    if !rt_ctx.load_page_data_from_storage(
                        &mut exec_ctx.program_storage_prefix,
                        page,
                        buffer_as_slice,
                    )? {
                        let err_msg = format!(
                            "process_lazy_pages: `read` returns, that page has no data, but `exist` returns that there is one. \
                            Page - {page:?}, program storage prefix - {:?}",
                            &exec_ctx.program_storage_prefix,
                        );

                        log::error!("{err_msg}");
                        unreachable!("{err_msg}")
                    }
                    true
                } else {
                    false
                };

                exec_ctx.set_accessed(page);
                if handler.is_write() {
                    if !unprotected {
                        protect_page(true)?;
                    }
                    exec_ctx.set_write_accessed(page)?;
                } else {
                    // Set only read access for page.
                    protect_page(false)?;
                }
            }

            Ok(())
        };

        H::process_pages(pages, process_one)?;

        handler.into_output(exec_ctx)
    }
}