Struct gclient::GearApi

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pub struct GearApi(/* private fields */);
Expand description

The API instance contains methods to access the node.

Implementations§

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impl GearApi

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pub async fn original_code_at( &self, code_id: CodeId, at_block_hash: Option<H256> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Returns original wasm code for the given code_id at specified at_block_hash.

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pub async fn program_at( &self, program_id: ProgramId, at_block_hash: Option<H256> ) -> Result<ActiveProgram<u32>>

Returns ActiveProgram for the given program_id at specified at_block_hash.

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pub async fn transfer( &self, destination: ProgramId, value: u128 ) -> Result<H256>

Transfer value to destination’s account.

Sends the pallet_balances::transfer extrinsic.

This function returns a hash of the block with the transfer transaction.

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pub async fn create_program_bytes( &self, code_id: CodeId, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl AsRef<[u8]>, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Create a new program from a previously uploaded code identified by CodeId and initialize it with a byte slice payload.

Sends the pallet_gear::create_program extrinsic.

Parameters:

  • code_id is the code identifier that can be obtained by calling the upload_code function;
  • salt is the arbitrary data needed to generate an address for a new program (control of salt uniqueness is entirely on the function caller’s side);
  • payload vector contains data to be processed in the init function of the newly deployed “child” program;
  • gas_limit is the maximum gas amount allowed to spend for the program creation and initialization;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account during initialization.

This function returns a tuple with an init message identifier, newly created program identifier, and a hash of the block with the message enqueuing transaction.

§See also
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pub async fn create_program_bytes_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = (CodeId, impl AsRef<[u8]>, impl AsRef<[u8]>, u64, u128)> ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<(MessageId, ProgramId)>>, H256)>

Create a batch of programs.

A batch is a set of programs to be created within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a tuple of parameters used in the create_program_bytes function. It is useful when deploying a multi-program dApp.

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pub async fn create_program( &self, code_id: CodeId, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl Encode, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Same as create_program_bytes, but initializes a newly created program with an encoded payload.

§See also
  • upload_code function uploads a code and returns its identifier.
  • upload_program function uploads a new program and initialize it.
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pub async fn migrate_program( &self, src_program_id: ProgramId, src_block_hash: Option<H256>, dest_node_api: &GearApi ) -> Result<ProgramId>

Migrates an active program identified by src_program_id onto another node identified by dest_node_api and returns the migrated program identifier. All source program data is taken at the time of src_block_hash if it is specified or the most recent one.

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pub async fn save_program_memory_dump_at<P: AsRef<Path>>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, block_hash: Option<H256>, file_path: P ) -> Result

Save program (identified by program_id) memory dump to the file for further restoring in gclient/gtest. Program memory dumped at the time of block_hash if presented or the most recent block.

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pub async fn replace_program_memory<P: AsRef<Path>>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, file_path: P ) -> Result

Replace entire program memory with one saved earlier in gclient/gtest

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pub async fn claim_value(&self, message_id: MessageId) -> Result<(u128, H256)>

Claim value from the mailbox message identified by message_id.

Sends the pallet_gear::claim_value extrinsic.

This function returns a tuple with value and block hash containing the corresponding transaction.

§See also
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pub async fn claim_value_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = MessageId> + Clone ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<u128>>, H256)>

Claim a batch of values from the mailbox.

A batch is a set of requests to be executed within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a message identifier used in the claim_value function. It is useful when processing multiple replies in the mailbox at once.

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pub async fn send_message_bytes( &self, destination: ProgramId, payload: impl AsRef<[u8]>, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, H256)>

Send a message containing a byte slice payload to the destination.

The message also contains the maximum gas_limit that can be spent and the value to be transferred to the destination’s account.

Sends the pallet_gear::send_message extrinsic.

This function returns a tuple with a new message identifier and a hash of the block with the message enqueuing transaction.

§See also
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pub async fn send_message_bytes_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = (ProgramId, impl AsRef<[u8]>, u64, u128)> ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<(MessageId, ProgramId)>>, H256)>

Send a batch of messages.

A batch is a set of messages to be sent within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a tuple of parameters used in the send_message_bytes function. It is useful when invoking several programs at once or sending a sequence of messages to one program.

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pub async fn send_message( &self, destination: ProgramId, payload: impl Encode, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, H256)>

Same as send_message_bytes, but sends a message with encoded payload.

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pub async fn send_reply_bytes( &self, reply_to_id: MessageId, payload: impl AsRef<[u8]>, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, u128, H256)>

Send a reply containing a byte slice payload to the message identified by reply_to_id.

The reply also contains the maximum gas_limit that can be spent and the value to be transferred to the destination’s account.

Sends the pallet_gear::send_reply extrinsic.

This function returns a tuple with a new message identifier, transferred value, and a hash of the block with the message enqueuing transaction.

§See also
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pub async fn send_reply_bytes_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = (MessageId, impl AsRef<[u8]>, u64, u128)> + Clone ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, u128)>>, H256)>

Send a batch of replies.

A batch is a set of replies to be sent within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a tuple of parameters used in the send_reply_bytes function. It is useful when replying to several programs at once.

The output for each call slightly differs from send_reply_bytes as the destination program id is also returned in the resulting tuple.

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pub async fn send_reply( &self, reply_to_id: MessageId, payload: impl Encode, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, u128, H256)>

Same as send_reply_bytes, but sends a reply with encoded payload.

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pub async fn upload_code( &self, code: impl AsRef<[u8]> ) -> Result<(CodeId, H256)>

Upload Wasm code to be used for creating a new program.

Sends the pallet_gear::upload_code extrinsic.

This function returns a tuple with a code identifier and a hash of the block with the code uploading transaction. The code identifier can be used when creating a program using the create_program function.

§See also
  • create_program function creates a program from a previously uploaded code and initializes it.
  • upload_program function uploads a new program and initialize it.
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pub async fn upload_code_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl AsRef<[u8]>> ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<CodeId>>, H256)>

Upload a batch of codes.

A batch is a set of codes to be uploaded within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a byte slice used in the upload_code function. It is useful when deploying a multi-program dApp.

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pub async fn upload_code_by_path( &self, path: impl AsRef<Path> ) -> Result<(CodeId, H256)>

Upload Wasm code from the file referenced by path to be used for creating a new program.

Same as upload_code, but reads the code from a file instead of using a byte vector.

Works with absolute and relative paths (relative to the root dir of the repo).

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pub async fn upload_program_bytes( &self, code: impl AsRef<[u8]>, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl AsRef<[u8]>, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Upload a new program and initialize it with a byte slice payload.

Sends the pallet_gear::upload_program extrinsic.

Parameters:

  • code is the byte slice containing a binary Wasm code of the program;
  • salt is the arbitrary data needed to generate an address for a new program (control of salt uniqueness is entirely on the function caller’s side);
  • payload vector contains data to be processed in the init function of the newly deployed “child” program;
  • gas_limit is the maximum gas amount allowed to spend for the program creation and initialization;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account during initialization.
§See also
  • create_program_bytes function creates a program from a previously uploaded code.
  • upload_code function uploads a code and returns its identifier.
  • upload_program function uploads a program and initializes it with an encoded payload.
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pub async fn upload_program_bytes_batch( &self, args: impl IntoIterator<Item = (impl AsRef<[u8]>, impl AsRef<[u8]>, impl AsRef<[u8]>, u64, u128)> ) -> Result<(Vec<Result<(MessageId, ProgramId)>>, H256)>

Upload a batch of programs.

A batch is a set of programs to be uploaded within one function call. Every entry of the args iterator is a tuple used in the upload_program_bytes function. It is useful when deploying a multi-program dApp.

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pub async fn upload_program_bytes_by_path( &self, path: impl AsRef<Path>, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl AsRef<[u8]>, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Upload a new program from the file referenced by path and initialize it with a byte slice payload.

Same as upload_program_bytes, but reads the program from a file instead of using a byte vector.

Works with absolute and relative paths (relative to the root dir of the repo).

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pub async fn upload_program( &self, code: impl AsRef<[u8]>, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl Encode, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Same as upload_program_bytes, but initializes a newly uploaded program with an encoded payload.

§See also
  • create_program function creates a program from a previously uploaded code.
  • upload_code function uploads a code and returns its identifier.
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pub async fn upload_program_by_path( &self, path: impl AsRef<Path>, salt: impl AsRef<[u8]>, payload: impl Encode, gas_limit: u64, value: u128 ) -> Result<(MessageId, ProgramId, H256)>

Upload a new program from the file referenced by path and initialize it with an encoded payload.

Same as upload_program, but reads the program from a file instead of using a byte vector.

Works with absolute and relative paths (relative to the root dir of the repo).

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pub async fn set_code(&self, code: impl AsRef<[u8]>) -> Result<H256>

Upgrade the runtime with the code containing the Wasm code of the new runtime.

Sends the pallet_system::set_code extrinsic.

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pub async fn set_code_by_path(&self, path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<H256>

Upgrade the runtime by reading the code from the file located at the path.

Same as set_code, but reads the runtime code from a file instead of using a byte vector.

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pub async fn set_code_without_checks( &self, code: impl AsRef<[u8]> ) -> Result<H256>

Upgrade the runtime with the code containing the Wasm code of the new runtime but without checks.

Sends the pallet_system::set_code_without_checks extrinsic.

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pub async fn set_code_without_checks_by_path( &self, path: impl AsRef<Path> ) -> Result<H256>

Upgrade the runtime by reading the code from the file located at the path.

Same as set_code_without_checks, but reads the runtime code from a file instead of using a byte vector.

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pub async fn force_set_balance( &self, to: impl Into<MultiAddress<AccountId32, ()>>, new_free: u128 ) -> Result<H256>

Set the free balance of the to account to new_free.

Sends the pallet_balances::set_balance extrinsic.

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impl GearApi

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pub async fn calculate_create_gas( &self, origin: Option<H256>, code_id: CodeId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Execute an RPC to calculate the gas required to create a program from a code and process an initialization message.

Actually sends the gear_calculateInitCreateGas RPC to the node. The function’s parameters are:

  • origin (optional) is the caller’s public address;
  • code_id is the uploaded code identifier that can be obtained by calling the upload_code function;
  • payload vector contains data to be processed by the program;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account;
  • allow_other_panics flag indicates ignoring a trap during the program’s execution;
  • at (optional) allows executing the RPC at the specified block identified by its hash.
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pub async fn calculate_create_gas_at( &self, origin: Option<H256>, code_id: CodeId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Same as calculate_create_gas, but calculates the gas at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn calculate_upload_gas( &self, origin: Option<H256>, code: Vec<u8>, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Execute an RPC to calculate the gas required to upload a program and process an initialization message.

Actually sends the gear_calculateInitUploadGas RPC to the node. The function’s parameters are:

  • origin (optional) is the caller’s public address;
  • code is the buffer containing the Wasm binary code of the Gear program;
  • payload vector contains data to be processed by the program;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account;
  • allow_other_panics flag indicates ignoring a trap during the program’s execution;
  • at (optional) allows executing the RPC at the specified block identified by its hash.
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pub async fn calculate_upload_gas_at( &self, origin: Option<H256>, code: Vec<u8>, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Same as calculate_upload_gas, but calculates the gas at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn calculate_handle_gas( &self, origin: Option<H256>, destination: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Execute an RPC to calculate the gas required to handle a message.

Actually sends the gear_calculateHandleGas RPC to the node. The function’s parameters are:

  • origin (optional) is the caller’s public address;
  • destination is the program address;
  • payload vector contains data to be processed by the program;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account;
  • allow_other_panics flag indicates ignoring a trap during the program’s execution;
  • at (optional) allows executing the RPC at the specified block identified by its hash.
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pub async fn calculate_handle_gas_at( &self, origin: Option<H256>, destination: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Same as calculate_handle_gas, but calculates the gas at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn calculate_reply_gas( &self, origin: Option<H256>, message_id: MessageId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Execute an RPC to calculate the gas required to reply to the received message from the mailbox.

Actually sends the gear_calculateReplyGas RPC to the node. The function’s parameters are:

  • origin (optional) is the caller’s public address;
  • message_id is a message identifier required to find it in the mailbox;
  • exit_code is the status code of the reply;
  • payload vector contains data to be processed by the program;
  • value to be transferred to the program’s account;
  • allow_other_panics flag indicates ignoring a trap during the program’s execution;
  • at (optional) allows executing the RPC at the specified block identified by its hash.
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pub async fn calculate_reply_gas_at( &self, origin: Option<H256>, message_id: MessageId, payload: Vec<u8>, value: u128, allow_other_panics: bool, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<GasInfo>

Same as calculate_reply_gas, but calculates the gas at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Read the program’s state as a byte vector.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes_at( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Same as read_state_bytes, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state<D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8> ) -> Result<D>

Read the program’s state as decoded data.

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pub async fn read_state_at<D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<D>

Same as read_state, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes_using_wasm( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, wasm: Vec<u8>, argument: Option<Vec<u8>> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Read the program’s state as a byte vector using a meta Wasm.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes_using_wasm_at( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, wasm: Vec<u8>, argument: Option<Vec<u8>>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Same as read_state_bytes_using_wasm, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state_using_wasm<E: Encode, D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, wasm: Vec<u8>, argument: Option<E> ) -> Result<D>

Read the program’s state as decoded data using a meta Wasm.

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pub async fn read_state_using_wasm_at<E: Encode, D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, wasm: Vec<u8>, argument: Option<E>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<D>

Same as read_state_using_wasm, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes_using_wasm_by_path( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, path: impl AsRef<Path>, argument: Option<Vec<u8>> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Read the program’s state using a meta Wasm file referenced by its path.

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pub async fn read_state_bytes_using_wasm_by_path_at( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, path: impl AsRef<Path>, argument: Option<Vec<u8>>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<Vec<u8>>

Same as read_state_using_wasm_by_path, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_state_using_wasm_by_path<E: Encode, D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, path: impl AsRef<Path>, argument: Option<E> ) -> Result<D>

Read the program’s state using a meta Wasm file referenced by its path.

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pub async fn read_state_using_wasm_by_path_at<E: Encode, D: Decode>( &self, program_id: ProgramId, payload: Vec<u8>, fn_name: &str, path: impl AsRef<Path>, argument: Option<E>, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<D>

Same as read_state_using_wasm_by_path, but reads the program’s state at the block identified by its hash.

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pub async fn read_metahash(&self, program_id: ProgramId) -> Result<H256>

Read the program’s metahash.

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pub async fn read_metahash_at( &self, program_id: ProgramId, at: Option<H256> ) -> Result<H256>

Same as read_metahash, but read the program’s metahash at the block identified by its hash.

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impl GearApi

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pub fn block_gas_limit(&self) -> Result<u64>

Return the total gas limit per block (also known as a gas budget).

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pub fn expected_block_time(&self) -> Result<u64>

The expected average block time at which BABE should be creating blocks.

Since BABE is probabilistic it is not trivial to figure out what the expected average block time should be based on the slot duration and the security parameter c (where 1 - c represents the probability of a slot being empty).

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pub async fn last_block_hash(&self) -> Result<H256>

Return a hash of the last block.

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pub async fn last_block_number(&self) -> Result<u32>

Return a number of the last block (also known as block height).

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pub async fn last_events(&self) -> Result<Vec<RuntimeEvent>>

Return vector of events contained in the last block.

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pub async fn block_number_at(&self, block_hash: H256) -> Result<u32>

Return a number of the specified block identified by the block_hash.

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pub async fn get_block_hash(&self, block_number: u32) -> Result<H256>

Get a hash of a block identified by its block_number.

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pub async fn last_block_timestamp(&self) -> Result<u64>

Return a timestamp of the last block.

The timestamp is the number of milliseconds elapsed since the Unix epoch.

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pub async fn events_at(&self, block_hash: H256) -> Result<Vec<RuntimeEvent>>

Return vector of events contained in the specified block identified by the block_hash.

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pub async fn events_since( &self, block_hash: H256, max_depth: usize ) -> Result<Vec<RuntimeEvent>>

Return vector of events contained in blocks since the block identified by the block_hash but no more than in max_depth blocks.

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pub async fn queue_processing_enabled(&self) -> Result<bool>

Check whether the message queue processing is stopped or not.

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pub async fn queue_processing_stalled(&self) -> Result<bool>

Looks at two blocks from the stream and checks if the Gear block number has grown from block to block or not.

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impl GearApi

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pub async fn get_mailbox_message( &self, message_id: MessageId ) -> Result<Option<(UserStoredMessage, Interval<u32>)>>

Get a message identified by message_id from the mailbox.

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pub async fn get_mailbox_account_message( &self, account_id: impl IntoAccountId32, message_id: MessageId ) -> Result<Option<(UserStoredMessage, Interval<u32>)>>

Get a message identified by message_id from the account_id’s mailbox.

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pub async fn get_mailbox_account_messages( &self, account_id: impl IntoAccountId32, count: u32 ) -> Result<Vec<(UserStoredMessage, Interval<u32>)>>

Get up to count messages from the mailbox for the provided account_id.

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pub async fn get_mailbox_messages( &self, count: u32 ) -> Result<Vec<(UserStoredMessage, Interval<u32>)>>

Get up to count messages from the mailbox.

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pub async fn total_balance( &self, account_id: impl IntoAccountId32 ) -> Result<u128>

Get the total balance of the account identified by account_id.

Total balance includes free and reserved funds.

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pub async fn free_balance( &self, account_id: impl IntoAccountId32 ) -> Result<u128>

Get the free funds balance of the account identified by account_id.

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pub async fn reserved_balance( &self, account_id: impl IntoAccountId32 ) -> Result<u128>

Get the reserved funds balance of the account identified by account_id.

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impl GearApi

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pub async fn init(address: WSAddress) -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi specified by its address on behalf of the default Alice user.

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pub async fn init_with( address: WSAddress, suri: impl AsRef<str> ) -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi specified by its address and suri.

SURI is a Substrate URI that identifies a user by a mnemonic phrase or provides default users from the keyring (e.g., “//Alice”, “//Bob”, etc.). The password for URI should be specified in the same suri, separated by the ':' char.

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pub fn with(self, suri: impl AsRef<str>) -> Result<Self>

Change SURI to the provided suri and return Self.

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pub async fn dev() -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi instance that will be used with the local node working in developer mode (running with --dev argument).

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pub async fn dev_from_path(path: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi instance via spawning a new node process in development mode using the --dev flag and listening on an a random port number. The node process uses a binary specified by the path param. Ideally, the binary should be downloaded by means of CI pipeline from https://get.gear.rs.

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pub async fn vara_dev_from_path(path: impl AsRef<OsStr>) -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi instance via spawning a new node process in development mode using the --chain=vara-dev, --validator, --tmp flags and listening on an a random port number. The node process uses a binary specified by the path param. Ideally, the binary should be downloaded by means of CI pipeline from https://get.gear.rs.

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pub fn print_node_logs(&mut self)

Print node logs.

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pub async fn vara_testnet() -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi instance that will be used with the public Vara testnet node.

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pub async fn vara() -> Result<Self>

Create and init a new GearApi instance that will be used with the public Vara node.

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pub async fn subscribe(&self) -> Result<EventListener>

Create an EventListener to subscribe and handle continuously incoming events.

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pub fn set_nonce(&mut self, nonce: u64)

Set the number used once (nonce) that will be used while sending extrinsics.

If set, this nonce is added to the extrinsic and provides a unique identifier of the transaction sent by the current account. The nonce shows how many prior transactions have occurred from this account. This helps protect against replay attacks or accidental double-submissions.

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pub async fn rpc_nonce(&self) -> Result<u64>

Get the next number used once (nonce) from the node.

Actually sends the system_accountNextIndex RPC to the node.

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pub fn account_id(&self) -> &AccountId32

Return the signer account address.

§Examples
use gclient::{GearApi, Result};
use gsdk::ext::sp_runtime::AccountId32;

#[tokio::test]
async fn account_test() -> Result<()> {
    let api = GearApi::dev().await?;
    let alice_id = hex!("d43593c715fdd31c61141abd04a99fd6822c8558854ccde39a5684e7a56da27d");
    assert_eq!(api.account_id(), &AccountId32::from(alice_id));
    Ok(())
}

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for GearApi

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fn clone(&self) -> GearApi

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl From<(Api, Pair)> for GearApi

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fn from((api, signer): (Api, Pair)) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<GearApi> for Signer

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fn from(api: GearApi) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Signer> for GearApi

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fn from(signer: Signer) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> CheckedConversion for T

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fn checked_from<T>(t: T) -> Option<Self>
where Self: TryFrom<T>,

Convert from a value of T into an equivalent instance of Option<Self>. Read more
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fn checked_into<T>(self) -> Option<T>
where Self: TryInto<T>,

Consume self to return Some equivalent value of Option<T>. Read more
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impl<T> Conv for T

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fn conv<T>(self) -> T
where Self: Into<T>,

Converts self into T using Into<T>. Read more
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impl<T> Downcast for T
where T: Any,

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fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>

Convert Box<dyn Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Box<dyn Any>. Box<dyn Any> can then be further downcast into Box<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>

Convert Rc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Rc<Any>. Rc<Any> can then be further downcast into Rc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &Any’s vtable from &Trait’s.
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fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)

Convert &mut Trait (where Trait: Downcast) to &Any. This is needed since Rust cannot generate &mut Any’s vtable from &mut Trait’s.
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impl<T> DowncastSync for T
where T: Any + Send + Sync,

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fn into_any_arc(self: Arc<T>) -> Arc<dyn Any + Send + Sync>

Convert Arc<Trait> (where Trait: Downcast) to Arc<Any>. Arc<Any> can then be further downcast into Arc<ConcreteType> where ConcreteType implements Trait.
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impl<T> DynClone for T
where T: Clone,

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fn __clone_box(&self, _: Private) -> *mut ()

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impl<T> FmtForward for T

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fn fmt_binary(self) -> FmtBinary<Self>
where Self: Binary,

Causes self to use its Binary implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_display(self) -> FmtDisplay<Self>
where Self: Display,

Causes self to use its Display implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_exp(self) -> FmtLowerExp<Self>
where Self: LowerExp,

Causes self to use its LowerExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_hex(self) -> FmtLowerHex<Self>
where Self: LowerHex,

Causes self to use its LowerHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_octal(self) -> FmtOctal<Self>
where Self: Octal,

Causes self to use its Octal implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_pointer(self) -> FmtPointer<Self>
where Self: Pointer,

Causes self to use its Pointer implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_exp(self) -> FmtUpperExp<Self>
where Self: UpperExp,

Causes self to use its UpperExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_hex(self) -> FmtUpperHex<Self>
where Self: UpperHex,

Causes self to use its UpperHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_list(self) -> FmtList<Self>
where &'a Self: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Formats each item in a sequence. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T> FromBits<T> for T

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fn from_bits(other: T) -> T

Convert other to Self, preserving bitwise representation
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impl<T> Instrument for T

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T, Outer> IsWrappedBy<Outer> for T
where Outer: AsRef<T> + AsMut<T> + From<T>, T: From<Outer>,

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fn from_ref(outer: &Outer) -> &T

Get a reference to the inner from the outer.

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fn from_mut(outer: &mut Outer) -> &mut T

Get a mutable reference to the inner from the outer.

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impl<T> Pipe for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn pipe<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(Self) -> R) -> R
where Self: Sized,

Pipes by value. This is generally the method you want to use. Read more
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fn pipe_ref<'a, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_ref_mut<'a, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut Self) -> R) -> R
where R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self and passes that borrow into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_borrow<'a, B, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a B) -> R) -> R
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.borrow() into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_borrow_mut<'a, B, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut B) -> R ) -> R
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.borrow_mut() into the pipe function. Read more
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fn pipe_as_ref<'a, U, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsRef<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.as_ref() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_as_mut<'a, U, R>(&'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut U) -> R) -> R
where Self: AsMut<U>, U: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.as_mut() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_deref<'a, T, R>(&'a self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a T) -> R) -> R
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Borrows self, then passes self.deref() into the pipe function.
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fn pipe_deref_mut<'a, T, R>( &'a mut self, func: impl FnOnce(&'a mut T) -> R ) -> R
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: 'a + ?Sized, R: 'a,

Mutably borrows self, then passes self.deref_mut() into the pipe function.
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<T> SaturatedConversion for T

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fn saturated_from<T>(t: T) -> Self
where Self: UniqueSaturatedFrom<T>,

Convert from a value of T into an equivalent instance of Self. Read more
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fn saturated_into<T>(self) -> T
where Self: UniqueSaturatedInto<T>,

Consume self to return an equivalent value of T. Read more
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impl<T> Tap for T

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fn tap(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Immutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_mut(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Mutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Borrow<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow_mut<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the BorrowMut<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the AsRef<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref_mut<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the AsMut<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref_mut<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_mut_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Self
where Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_mut_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Self
where Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Self
where Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_mut_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Self
where Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Self
where Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_mut_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Self
where Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> TryConv for T

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fn try_conv<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>
where Self: TryInto<T>,

Attempts to convert self into T using TryInto<T>. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<S, T> UncheckedInto<T> for S
where T: UncheckedFrom<S>,

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fn unchecked_into(self) -> T

The counterpart to unchecked_from.
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impl<T, S> UniqueSaturatedInto<T> for S
where T: Bounded, S: TryInto<T>,

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fn unique_saturated_into(self) -> T

Consume self to return an equivalent value of T.
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for T
where V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>
where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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impl<T> JsonSchemaMaybe for T

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impl<T> MaybeSend for T
where T: Send,

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impl<T> MaybeSend for T
where T: Send,